外来入侵植物紫茎泽兰对植物多样性的影响

Impacts of Invasion of Eupatorium adenophorum on Vegetation Diversity

采用样方法调查了云南省和四川省5个受紫茎泽兰入侵的样地中草本植物和灌木的种类和数量,分析了其物种丰富度指数、多样性指数和均匀度指数。结果表明,5个样地采得本地植物87种,其中常见本地植物32种,隶属19科31属。紫茎泽兰入侵造成5种生境条件下物种丰富度指数下降显著或极显著。除样地d外,其他样地紫茎泽兰入侵的样方Simpson多样性指数和Shannon-Wiener多样性指数下降显著或极显著。而紫茎泽兰入侵对Pielou均匀度指数的影响则没有表现出明显的规律。不同生境条件下,植物群落的季节变化有所不同,以一年生草本植物为主的群落,其多样性指数和均匀度指数下降趋势较以多年生草本植物和灌木为主的群落更为明显。

Five sample plots subjected to invasion by Eupatorium adenophorum in Yunnan Province and Sichnan Province were studied with the quadrat sampling method, investigating species composition and population of indigenous herbage and shrubbery, and analyzing their richness index, diversity index and evenness index. Results show that a total of 87 indigenous species were collected and among them, 32 species were common indigenous plants, falling into 31 genus, and 19 families. Invasion of Eupatorium adenophorum caused significant （P 〈0.05 or P 〈0.01 ） decline of richness index in all the habitats involved, and of Simpson index and Shannon-Wiener index in all the plots, except for Plot d. No obvious regularity was observed with the impact on Pielou evenness index. Seasonal change in vegetation community differed between habitats. Communities dominated with annual herbs showed a more significant declining trend than those with perennial herbs and shrubs did in Simpson index, Shannon-Wiener index and Pielou index.