私法自治与公法强制——日本强制性法规违反行为效力论之展开

违反强制性法规行为之效力体现了私法自治与公法强制之间的紧张关系。基于对公益、交易安全、当事人间的信义与公平等价值衡量、取舍之不同,在日本强制性法规违反行为效力论之展开过程中,渐次出现了“法规渊源区别说”、“综合判断说”、“履行阶段说”、“经济公序说”、“基本权保护义务说”,并表现为从“公法优先到公法、私法功能分离再到公法、私法功能协调”的一波三折的变化过程。

The validity of violation of compulsory regulations reflects the tense relationship between autonomy of private law and compulsion of public law. Based on different evaluations and choices of values of public interest, trade security and trust between parties, a series of theories, including ＂different sources of regulations＂, ＂comprehensive judgment＂, ＂performance stages＂, ＂public order of economy＂, and ＂obligation of protection of basic rights＂, have been put forward in the discussion on the validity of violation of compulsory regulations in Japan. The focus of discussion has gradually changed from the priority of public law to the separation of the functions of public and private laws, and to the harmony between the two functions.