20世纪90年代广州市从业人员的社会空间分异

Socio-spatial Differentiation of Professionals of Guangzhou in the 1990s

1990年以来中国城市的内城区传统工业向郊区外溢,郊区大量劳动密集型国际资本进驻等因素带来城市不同职业从业者的居住空间格局的重构。以1990年、2000年广州市“街道层面”的两次人口普查数据为主要数据源,借用经济学中的区位商指标,分析1990～2000年广州市不同职业从业者的居住空间分异特征,发现工业、低端服务业、高端服务业及政府机关职员等从业者呈现出差异化的空间分异特征。工业从业者的居住空间从内城区向近郊区、远郊区等转移,低端服务业从业者的居住地一直高度集中于内城区,高端服务业从业者聚居于政府机关附近和高校、科研机构密集区,政府机关职员居住区完全与政府机关相重合。就业地与居住地的临近性是20世纪90年代广州城市从业者居住空间最为显著的特征。旧城区产业结构调整、城市空间扩展、郊区国际生产资本进驻、政府为迎合全球化而进行的政策及空间的调整、土地开发与住房商品化以及原有国家事业机关“单位制”居住模式的惯性等成为1990～2000年广州市不同职业从业者社会空间分异的主要原因。基于区位商的方法来分析不同职业从业者的居住空间分异,为深入解析城市社会空间分异提供了新的研究思路与方法。

Under a diversity of impacts such as the industrialization of suburbs and economic globalization, China＇s urban socio-spatial structure has undergone tremendous restructurings in the 1990s. Using the 1990 and 2000 census of China, this paper examines the spatial differentiation residents working in different sectors of Guangzhou. It is found that industrial staff, high-level service workers, low-level service workers and governmental officials show quite different spatial patterns. First, the residential locations of industrial workers move from the central city towards the suburbs, especially Baiyun and Huangpu districts, while that of low-level service workers remain in the inner city, which is the traditional central business district （CBD） of Guangzhou; in contrast, high-level service workers accumulate around government buildings, universities and academic institutions, especially Dongshan District, Wushan of Tianhe District, etc; and governmental officials mainly live around their working places. In this sense, it is argued that one of the main features of Guangzhou＇s distribution of different workers＇ residence is the close connection between working places and residential areas. The underlying reasons are attributed to the sector restructuring of the inner city, the urban rapid sprawl, the infill of FDI within the suburbs, the adjustment of government development strategies and urban planning, land use as well as housing marketization, and the path-dependency of the ＇work-unit＇ system. Using location quotient to analyze the residential differentiation of different professionals, it provided new research idea and method for further analyzing urban socio-spatial differentiation.