旱地地膜小麦研究成效和加快发展的必要性及建议

Achievements Made in Mulching Wheat in Rainfed Areas and the Necessity for its Rapid Development

通过１９９５～１９９６年度陇东旱原干旱年份旱地冬小麦全生育期地膜覆盖穴播栽培技术的试验研究表明：冬小麦全生育期地膜覆盖有效地减少了播种到拔节期间土壤水分的无效蒸发，具有超常的增产效果和明显的经济效益。干旱年份不施肥、中肥、高肥、超高肥条件下，地膜冬小麦较露地冬小麦分别平均增产３２．９％、６２．５％、９９．９％、１０５．５％。在地膜覆盖条件下，中肥、高肥、超高肥较不施肥冬小麦产量分别提高２３．１％、５２．６％５５．４％，并且地膜覆盖有助于小麦根系向土壤深层延伸吸收水分。随着生育期内集雨灌溉量的增加，地膜冬小麦产量提高，拔节期灌溉效果最明显，增产５７．１％。

Cultivation measures for mulching winter wheat in its whole growing period were studied in the dry years of 1995 and 1996 in East Gansu. The results showed that the mulching technique has the effect in reducing soil water transpiration from wheat sowing to booting stages, thus leading to remarkable yield raise and obvious economic benefit improvement. Comparing the mulching and no mulching, the wheat yield under no fertilizer, middle fertilizer, high fertilizer and superhigh fertilizer treatment increased by 32.9%, 62.5%, 99.9% and 105.5%, respectively. In the mulching winter wheat, the field with middle, high, and superhigh fertilizer treatment inproved by 23.1% , 52.6% and 55.4% than no fertilizer treatment, respectively. But the wheat yield with fertilizer treatments under no mulching conditions showed no obvious difference due to the limitation of soil water stored in deep soil. The mulching wheat yield with irrigation at reviving, jointing, filling and heading stages increased by 34.1%, 57.1% and 21.1% than no irrigation, respectively. In addition, the sowing date of winter wheat with the mulching was usually 10 days later than the ones without mulching.