明清时期平民的救荒意识

The Consciousness of the Low Social Stratum's Famine-Relief in the Period of Ming and Qing Dynasties

平民的救荒意识是指平民在救荒过程中对社会的认识。这种认识是建立在平民的生存与环境、人口冲突之上,包括对官民关系、绅民关系、儒家思想、宗(家)族关系、风俗信仰的认识。明清时期平民的救荒意识和其生存状态、生产能力、生活水平紧密相连。明清时期平民占据了整个社会的绝大多数,这个群体的救荒意识是当时最普遍的救荒意识,其救荒意识不仅维持在饥荒的特定历史时刻,而且在未荒中也保留了这种忧患意识。这种救荒意识为研究明清社会状况提供了新的观察角度。

The paper discusses the recognition of the low social stratum＇s awareness towards disaster and famine in the Ming and Qing dynasties. The recognitions are built in the conflict between survival of the low social stratum and environment and population. Faced up with the famine relief, the low social stratum came to realize the relations between government and people, nobles and commons, patriarchal clans, and also the Confucianism and customs. The consciousness of the low social stratum＇s famine-relifet in the period of Ming-Qing dynasties is closely connected with their state of surviving, production capacity, and living standard. The low social stratum in the period has occupied the overwhelming majority of the whole society, and the consciousness of their famine- relief is the most general consciousness at that time. The consciousness maintains at particular historical juncture and at ordinary times. The consciousness has offered the new observation angle for studying the social state of Ming-Qing Dynasties.