后福利国家社会政策发展的理论路径与现实选择——基于“公民身份”的思考

The Theoretical and Practical Prospects of the Social Policy in the Post-Welfare States

20世纪70年代以来,西方福利国家遇到了各个领域的巨大挑战,社会政策的改革与创新使福利国家进入了“后福利”的时代。在对福利国家的社会政策进行改革与反思的过程中,“公民身份”(citizenship)进入了理论家和社会政策制定者的视野,并引起广泛关注。当前资本主义国家面临的公民身份危机已经在社会经济和政治生活中凸显出消极的后果,福利国家所处的两难困境就是这种消极后果的集中体现。权利的危机与制度的困境暴露了近代以来自由主义思想的内在局限,而公民身份的拓展与延伸在挑战传统自由主义理念的同时,也将为福利国家的社会政策开辟出一条崭新的理论与实践路径。

Welfare states have been faced with challenges in many aspects. Reform and innovation bring welfare states into a ＂post welfare＂ time. In rethinking about social policy, citizenship comes into the eyesight of the policy maker. The crisis of citizenship in the present capitalist countries has brought about many negative consequences, epitomized by the crisis oi＂ welfare states. The crisis of rights and predicament of system embody the inert limitation of modern liberalism. The extending of citizenship has been challenging the concept of traditional liberalism, and will bring about new theoretical and practical prospects for the social policy in the welfare states.