几种药剂对棉苗蚜、伏蚜的毒力测定和药效试验

Toxicity Mensurationes and Efficacy Trials of Several Insecticides Against Cotton Aphid Aphis gossypii(Glover)

测定了13种杀虫剂防治棉蚜的效果。经室内系列生物测定结果表明:啶虫脒、吡虫啉、阿维菌素、丁硫克百威、辛硫磷和毒死蜱6种药剂防治棉苗蚜、伏蚜的效果都很好;并选择这6种药剂进行了田间小区试验,试验结果基本与室内生测的结果相符,经总体评价认为:啶虫脒、吡虫啉、阿维菌素和丁硫克百威可以作为理想的防治棉蚜的杀虫剂。

The resistances of A. gossypii to chemical insecticides have developed very fast, and the resistance machenisms are complicated. In 2005, a research program titled with ＂The application of high-effect and safety insecticides for replacing the hypertoxic insecticides＂ was set up by the Chinese Ministry of Agriculture, this program will be one of the technical guarantees to realize the decision target that the production and use of five major hypertoxic organic phosphorous insecticides such as methamidophos must be all-round prohibited in China. The effects of 13 insecticides belong to different types against cotton aphid A. gossypii including seedling aphid and summer-type aphid were test- ed in laboratory and field. The toxicities of these insecticides to seedling aphid and summer-type aphid were tested using leaf dipping method in laboratory. The cotton aphids were collected from cotton field in Langfang County, Hebei Province, in June and August 2005 separately. The alate and neonatal aphids were eliminated. The symmetrical and consistent A. gossypii were selected to test. Based on the results got from indoor bioassays, six insecticides were selected to measure the field efficacy to A. gossypii. The field trials were tested during the seedling aphids and summer-type aphids outbreak periods in Langfang cotton field. The results of indoor bioassays showed that the populations of seedling aphid and summer-type aphid were desirably kept under control by acetaniprid, imidacloprid, avermectin, carbosulfan, phoxim and chlorpyrifos. The similar results were got in the field when these six insecticides were used by spraying. Nicotine pesticide - acetaniprid and imidacloprid, antibiotics pesticide - avermectin, carbamate pesticide carbosulfan, these new type insecticides, have low toxicities to fishes, bees and natural enemies and are safe to environment, but phoxim and chlorpyrifos have strong toxicity to fishes, bees and natural enemies. As a whole, among the 13 tested in secticides, acetaniprid, imidacloprid, avermectin and carbosulfan were selected to be the effective insecticides to control A. gossypii.