从森林绿色核算看我国林业政策的优化

Optimization of forest policy in China from the point of green accounting for forests

为了更好地为林业管理决策服务和为政策制定提供依据,该文在对国内外绿色核算研究综述的基础上,论述了绿色核算的概念,探讨了森林绿色核算的政策应用.文章通过对我国2000、2004年的森林绿色核算研究结果的认真分析指出:2000—2004年,我国森林eaGDP(经环境调整的GDP)增加了0.11%,反映出林业对国民经济的贡献是不断增加的;在我国森林环境服务、社会效益中,土壤保育、森林防护效益最大,固碳供养、水源涵养效益次之,森林游憩效益最小.因此,在森林间接效益利用中,受益最大的是农业、水利、电力等部门,受益最小的是林业部门本身.该文还对我国的森林绿色核算结果进行了政策优化分析,提出了加强政府对森林资源保护的直接管制和补偿,提供资助,加强森林资源保护的地方标准、法律的制定,促进林业人力资本的发展,明确产权等建议,以促进实现社会经济发展与森林资源增长的目标.

In order to serve the decision-making process for forest management better and to provide the basis for policy-making, this paper discussed the concept of green accounting and analyzed its policy application based on a summary of domestic and foreign green accounting. After the evaluation of a green GDP for forests in 2000 and 2004 in China, this paper pointed out that the eaGDP（ environmentally adjusted gross domestic product） for forest had increased by 0.11% from year 2000 to 2004, which indicated that the forest＇ s contribution to the national economy had increased continuously. In the evaluation of environmental services and social benefit by the forests, soil conservation and forest protection made the greatest contribution to carbon sequestration and oxygen generation, and water conservation was second in importance while the values of forest recreation was in the last place. Therefore, the most important sectors in providing benefit are agriculture, water conservancy and electric power while that of the forests is minimal. Finally, this paper analyzed the optimization of forest policy in China based on the evaluation results of green accounting, then proposed that forest protection should be under the direct control of the government. Compensation should be enhanced, as well as funds provided and local standards, legal protection of the forests should be established. Simultaneously, human capital used in the forests should be promoted and property rights of forest clearly spelled out in order to promote social-economic development. Forest resources should be increased and the goals of increased GDP in China should be realized.