天然阔叶林景观质量评价及其垂直结构优化技术

Landscape quality evaluation and vertical structure optimization of natural broadleaf forest

以江西省婺源县天然阔叶林近景景观为对象,收集了30个有代表性的近景景观图片和相关资料,采用大众评判法获得美景度值,运用多元数量化模型Ⅰ建立美景度与景观要素的关系模型.结果表明:树干形态、林木密度、林下层总盖度、林下层高度、自然整枝和色彩丰富度是影响天然阔叶林近景景观质量的主要要素,其偏相关系数在0·4482～0·7724之间,t检验结果为极显著或显著;复相关系数达0·9508,F检验结果为极显著(F=36·11**).分析表明,树干通直、自然整枝良好、色彩富于变化有利于提高景观的美景度,而林木密度、林下层总盖度和林下层高度过高或过低(矮)均会给景观美学质量带来负面影响.针对这些景观要素特征提出了天然阔叶林景观垂直结构优化的相应经营措施.

Taking the natural broadleaf forest in Wuyuan County of Jiangxi Province as study object, a total of 30 representative photos of near-view landscapes and related information were collected. The scenic beauty values were acquired by public judgment method, and the relationship models of scenic beauty values and landscape elements were established by using multiple mathematical model. The results showed that the main elements affecting the near-view landscape quality of natural broadleaf forest were the trunk form, stand density, undergrowth coverage and height, natural pruning, and color richness, with the partial correlation coefficients being 0. 4482-0. 7724, which were significant or very significant by t-test. The multiple correlation coefficient of the model reached 0. 9508, showing very significant by F test （ F = 36. 11^＊ ＊ ）. Straight trunk, better natural pruning and rich color did well, while the super-high or low stand density and undergrowth coverage and height did harm to the scenic beauty. Several management measures for the vertical structure optimization of these landscape elements were put forward.