汕头市1995-2005年甲乙类传染病流行趋势分析

Analysis on Epidemiological Trend of Class-A and Class-B Infectious Diseases From 1995 to 2005 in Shantou City

目的为了解汕头市近11年甲乙类传染病的流行情况,分析发病特点及流行趋势,为传染病预防和控制措施提供科学的依据。方法收集1995-2005年汕头市甲乙类传染病疫情资料,采用描述流行病学方法进行分析。结果1995-2005年汕头市报告甲乙类传染病21种63993例,年平均发病率为131.96/10万;历年发病率波动在86.55/10万～160.84/10万之间;发病呈下降趋势。年均发病率居前五位的依次是肺结核、病毒性肝炎、淋病、痢疾、伤寒。肠道传染病由1995年的44.16/10万下降到2005年的19.71/10万,呈明显下降趋势;以肺结核为主导的呼吸道传染病波动较大,1998年和2005年出现二个发病高峰。2000年和2002年本市部分地区曾发生登革热局部流行。结论近11年来,汕头市甲乙类传染病发病情况呈下降趋势。疾病谱以肠道传染病为主转为以呼吸道传染病为主。本市今后传染病防制的重点是在加强以肺结核为主的呼吸道传染病的防治的基础上,进一步加大对以登革热为主的虫媒传染病的监测和防控力度。

Objective I o mvesttgate the eptdernic sttuation ot Glass - A and Glass - B tntectious diseases tn Shantou City during the last 11 years, and to provide scientific basis for preventive and control measures making. Methods Irfectious diseases registration data of Shantou City from 1995 to 2005 were collected and analyzed by descriptive epidemiologic methods. Results A total of 63,993 cases of 21 kinds of Class- A and Class- B infectious diseases were reported from 1995 to 2005. The incident rates were 131.96/100,000/year, which were fluctuated between 86.55- 160.84/100,000/year and demonstrated a downward trend. The five leading infectious diseases were tuberculosis, Viral hepatitis, gonorrhea, dysentery, and typhoid. Intestinal infectious diseases showed significant downtrend from 44.16/100,000 in 1995 to 19.71/100, 000 in 2005. On the contrary, tuberculosis was fluctuated and showed 2 peaks in 1998 and 2005. And the insect born disease dengue had 2 endemic outbreaks in 2000 and 2002. Conclusion The incident rates of Class - A and Class - B infectious diseases in Shantou City show a downward trend in the recent 11 years. The infectious diseases spectrum changes from intestinal diseases to respiratory diseases; therefore it is necessary to put more emphasis onthe control work of respiratory infectious diseases, and enforce the monitoring and prevention works on entomoplily infectious disease such as dengue in future.