从比较优势走向竞争优势：中国对外贸易战略转变的依据和路径

From Comparative Advantage to Competitive Advantage:the Approaches to China's Foreign Trade Strategy Transformation

古典经济学家提出并经完善的比较优势原理是中国参与国际分工和交换的基本依据。改革开放以来的中国对外贸易的实践证明,中国就是依据比较优势原理选择了具有比较优势的产业参与国际分工和交换。然而,竞争优势更能体现一个产业在国际市场上的竞争力,比较优势只是形成竞争优势的基础,竞争优势理论在当今国际贸易中具有更现实的指导意义。中固要在比较优势基础上提升产业的竞争力,将比较优势转变为竞争优势。

The Practices of the Reform and Open - up proves the fact that China＇s participation into the internetional labor division and exchange is grounded on the comparative adveantage theory, which is raised and perfected by the eneoclassical economists. However, the competitive advantage can manifest true industrial competitive power in the international market, representing the basis of competitive advantage. This theory is rather important to guide the international trade. China should promote the industrial competitive power by transiting the comparative advantage into the competitive advantage.