唐代关中地区水涝灾害研究

Studies on Flood Disaster in the Tang Dynasty in Guanzhong Area

通过对唐代关中地区历史资料的搜集、整理和分析,对该时期关中地区的降水规律和成因做了探讨。结果表明：唐代关中地区的降水主要集中在唐中期（公元703～公元840）137年间,这一时期共有水涝灾害41次,平均3.34年就有一次,占唐代水涝灾害次数的68%;唐前、唐后降水较少,水涝灾害次数各占16%;唐代关中地区水涝灾害唐前、中、后期分布很不均匀,水涝灾害在时间上的分布呈现出中间高两头低的态势,唐代关中地区水涝灾害在季节性上的特征也十分显著,多集中于夏秋两季,其中尤以农历八月份最为频繁,达16次之多;唐代关中地区气候整体上较湿润,降水丰沛。气候暖湿,年降水量较多,降水集中或持久是造成该时期水涝灾害的主要原因,人类活动导致植被遭到破坏也加剧了该时期水涝灾害的发生。

Through collecting, reorganizing and analyzing history material of the Tang Dynasty Guanzhong area, precipitation rule and the origin during this time in the Guanzhong area were discussed. The results.indicated that the area precipitation of Guanzhong in the Tang Dynasty mainly concentrated in the Tang intermediate stage （703 ～ 840） during the 137 years, floodwater disaster had occurred 41times. Which accounted 68% for the Tang Dynasty floodwater disasters; The precipitations in initially Tang and the late Tang were few, the floodwater disaster number in times accounted for 16%. The seasonal characteristic of floodwater disaster in the Tang Dynasty also was extremely remarkable, concentrates in summer and fall. Which was especially in August, by lunar calendar reaching to16 times; In Tang Dynasty, regional climate in Guanzhong was moist, the precipitation was abundant. Climate was warm and wet, the annual precipitation increased, the precipitation was the main reason for the floodwater disasters in this time. Moreover, the human activity caused the vegetation to be destructed, which intensified the floodwater disaster occurrence in this time.