创业意向影响因素研究

On the Determinants of Entrepreneurial Intentions

在中国背景下,创业意向影响因素可划分为两层次(个体特质水平和个体资源水平)六维度(成就动机、风险承担、自主性、创业回馈、资源获得和未来就业)。这较之于传统对创业意向影响因素的探索主要集中于个体特质水平因素已有长足的进步。个人特质水平因素和个人资源水平因素在预测个体创业意向方面具有良好的互补性,同时考虑两个方面的因素可以更准确掌握个体创业意向。

This article systematically investigates the determinants of individual entrepreneurial intentions in the context of Chinese culture. In the past three decades, under the almost same external and internal conditions, some entrepreneurs achieved much more success in doing new business than others. The researchers began to pay attention to the entrepreneurial intentions which can have great impacts on the entrepreneurial behaviors. Based on the literature review and structural interview, the article focuses on constructing a model of describing what factor impacts will be on individual entrepreneurial intention. A variety of statistical methods （EFA and CFA） were used to provide evidence that the measurement tools are reliable and valid. First, in a pilot research, an indigenous model of entrepreneurial intention was built with 142 samples. Second, on the basis of the former research, an integrated model was constructed with 560 samples, which consists of two level factors （individual disposition level and individual resource level）, and six dimensions （achievement orientation, autonomy, risk taking, payoff, resource availability and future employment）. The result indicated that the factors of dispositional level and the factors of resource levels are complementary in predicting individual entrepreneurial intentions. Three individual disposition level factors （achievement orientation,autonomy and risk taking） all achieved the significant level of the entrepreneurial intentions. The individuals that have high level of expectation to their career seem have great interest in starting new business. Meanwhile the individuals that strongly want to control their fate are also easier to choose to be self-employed. The individual＇s risk taking orientation is an important determinant of entrepreneurial intentions. The results also provide strong level factors are conducive to understanding the mechanism entrepreneurial intentions. support that individual resource of how individuals form their entrepreneurial intentions.