无锡市农村饮用水危害性分析与控制

Hazard Analysis of the Drinking Water in the Villages of Wuxi

目的为制定无锡市农村安全饮用水控制措施提供依据。方法调查农村居民饮水状况,饮用水习惯和理念以及水井结构、粪便处理的建筑设计及肠道传染病发病等情况。采用现场询问填表、水质采样检验、危害性分析及因果分析图,寻找关键控制点和控制措施。结果无锡市的危险水型为井水,井水的危险指标是致病菌、粪大肠菌群、硝酸盐氮;接触危害因素的途径是人饮用井水;造成井水生物及有机物污染主要环节为窨阱、阴沟、化粪池的漏水渗水问题;导致这么多居民饮用井水原因是不良饮用水习惯和观念。结论不安全井水影响着农村居民身体健康,必须采取综合性的控制措施,以预防井水中致病生物和硝酸盐氮污染。

[ Objective ] To provide evidence for the establishment of control measures for the safety of drinking water in the villages of Wuxi. [ Methods ]Investigation was conducted on the situation of drinking water, drinking habit, structures of the wells, fecal disposal and coli infectious diseases; multiple methods like field investigation, questionnaire, water examination, hazard analysis and causation diagram were used to search for the control points and measures. [ Results ] The hazardous water type in Wuxi was well water, the hazard indexes of which were pathogen, fecal coliform and nitrate nitrogen; the pathway of residents＇exposure to the risk factor was to drink well water; the key point was the leakage from pit, sewer and septic tank ; the causation was unhealthy habit and conception among the residents. [ Conclusion ] Unsafe well water affects the physical health of the local residents ; comprehensive control measures should be taken to prevent of the contamination of pathogen and nitrite nitrogen.