摘要
本研究运用资料包络分析法（DEA），探讨2001到2004年间，台湾不同体系公立医院的经营效率，并且找出改进各医院效率的方向与幅度。实证显示，医院整体效率值的排名依序为教育部体系、卫生署体系、国防部体系、退辅含体系，其中退辅会体系效率值的离散程度较小，国防部体系的离散程度则较大。纯粹技术效率值的排名依序为“教育部”体系、“退辅会”体系、“国防部”体系、“卫生暑”体系，其中“教育部”体系效率值的离散程度较小，其它各体系医院的离散程度则较大。敏感度分析显示，将产出项由‘出院人次’改为‘门急诊人次’后，各体系之平均效率值依序皆为“教育部”、“卫生署”、“退辅会”及“国防部”，与前述结果略有不同。其中“退辅会”体系之整体效率稍高于“国防部”体系，显现相较于“国防部”而言，“退辅会”‘出院人次’产出的整体效率较差，而‘门急诊人次’产出的效率则较佳；“卫生署”体系的纯粹技术效率则高于“退辅会”与“国防部”体系，显现相对而言“卫生署”体系医院‘出院人次’产出的纯粹技术效率较差，而‘门急诊人次’产出的效率则较佳。
This paper uses Data Envelopment Analysis （DEA） to evaluate the operating efficiency of different types of public hospitals in Taiwan during the period 2001-2004 in hopes to find ways to improve their operations. In terms of overall efficiency, hospitals are ranked sequentially as follows： Ministry of Education （MOE） type, Department of Health （DOH） type, Ministry of Defense （MOD） type, and Veterans Affairs Commission （VAC） type. Of these hospitals, the dispersion of efficiency is small for VAC and it is large for MOD. Ranked by pure technical efficiency, these hospitals are listed sequentially as follows： MOE, VAC, MOD, and DOH, with the dispersion smaller for MOE, and larger for the other types. A sensitivity analysis also shows that, once the analyzed output item is altered from ＂patients discharged from hospital＂ to ＂outpatients and emergency patients＂, hospitals ranked on average efficiency value are listed sequentially as follows： MOE, DOH, VAC, MOD, which is an outcome slightly different from the result stated above. Among others, the overall efficiency of VAC is superior to that of MOD. A closer look reveals that VAC＇s output efficiency is inferior in ＂patients discharged from hospital＂ and superior in ＂outpatients and emergency patients＂ as compared to MOD. The pure technical efficiency of DOH, on the other hand, is superior to that of VAC and MOD. A closer look indicates that the pure technical efficiency of DOH is inferior in ＂patients discharged from hospital＂ and superior in ＂outpatients and emergency patients＂ as compared to VAC and MOD.
