托尔金的神话意识和神话想象

On Tolkien's Mythical Consciousness and Imagination

英国学者和作家托尔金的《魔戒》传奇已经成为20世纪西方奇幻文学的代表作。长期以来,托尔金对包括盎格鲁.萨克逊英雄史诗《贝奥武甫》、古冰岛诗歌《埃达》和古芬兰神话史诗《卡勒瓦拉》等在内的欧洲古代神话传奇和史诗进行了认真的研读和深入研究。这些古代作品对托尔金的创作观念和创作方法产生了深刻的影响,也为他提供了创作现代幻想文学作品的灵感。本文通过托尔金的讲座《贝奥武甫:魔怪与批评家》探讨古神话史诗对托尔金的神话意识和神话想象的影响。

John R.R.Tolkien＇s The Lord of the Rings has become a representative work of the 20th-century Western mythopoeic literature.For many years,Tolkien had devoted himself to the study of a series of ancient European mythical romances and epics,including the Anglo-Saxon Beowulf,the ancient Icelandic Edda,and the ancient Finnish Kalevala.These ancient masterpieces had great impact on his literary conception and technique,and offered inspirations to his writing of modern legends.This paper,from the perspective of one of his lectures entitled Beowulf and the Critics（2002）,addresses the influences of ancient mythical epics on Tolkien＇s mythical consciousness and imagination.