不同年龄及不同性别监狱警察心理健康状况的调查

Investigation on the mental health of prison policemen of different ages and genders

目的:了解监狱警察的心理健康状况,为监狱警察的心理干预提供依据。方法:调查于2006-04在自贡监狱完成。采用整群抽样的方法选择四川省自贡监狱监区内直接监管改造罪犯的一线人员共130人。用症状自评量表进行心理健康状况测评。该量表共90个问题,包括10个项目:躯体化、强迫症状、人际关系敏感、抑郁、焦虑、敌对、恐怖、偏执、精神病性、附加项目,每项按程度不同采用1～5级评分,即无、轻度、中度、相当重、严重。各因子及总得分越高说明受试者心理痛苦水平越高。由受过专业培训的主试使用统一指导语,以团体测试的方法进行,所有被试在规定时间(30min)内交卷。结果:发出问卷130份,收回有效问卷122份,问卷有效率93.8%。其中男性116人,女性6人;35岁以下60人,35岁以上(含35岁)62人;平均年龄(35±6)岁。①监狱警察在症状自评量表上各因子的得分普遍高于全国成人常模(躯体化:1.55±0.64,1.37±0.48,P<0.001;强迫症状:1.83±0.66,1.62±0.58,P<0.001;人际关系敏感:1.68±0.61,1.65±0.61,P>0.05;抑郁:1.67±0.70,1.50±0.59,P<0.05;焦虑:1.51±0.63,1.39±0.43,P<0.001;敌对:1.72±0.78,1.46±0.55,P<0.001;恐怖:1.39±0.59,1.23±0.41,P<0.001;偏执:1.71±0.65,1.43±0.57,P<0.001;精神病性:1.48±0.53,1.29±0.42,P<0.001;附加项:1.55±0.57,1.43±0.41,P<0.05),其心理健康水平低于全国成人常模。②存在心理障碍(单项因子得分≥3)的人数占总人数的18%。③不同性别监狱警察症状自评量表各因子比较差异无显著意义(P>0.05)。④年龄<35岁组与年龄≥35岁组监狱警察在躯体化、人际关系敏感、焦虑和敌对因子差异存在显著意义(躯体化:1.42±0.50,1.50±0.55,P<0.05;人际关系敏感:1.69±0.62,1.59±0.64,P<0.05;焦虑:1.52±0.53,1.45±0.48,P<0.05;敌对:1.61±0.60,1.47±0.52,P<0.001)。结论:监狱警察心理健康水平相对较低,应引起足够重视,并根据实际情况采取有效措施。

AIM： To know the psychological health status of prison policemen, so as to provide theory for mental intervention. METHODS： The investigation was conducted in April 2006 at Zigong prison. 130 prisoners were selected with cluster sampling method from Zigong prison of Sichuan Province. Symptom checklist-90 （SCL-90） was adopted to evaluate the mental health of prisoners, including 90 questions in 10 items： Somatization, compulsion, interpersonal sensitivity, depression, anxiety, hostility, phobia, paranoid, schizophrenia and additional items. There were 5 grades for each item： No, slight, middle, severe, and severer. High score of each factor suggested severer mental suffering of the subjects. The evaluation was conducted in group according to unified instructions, and all subjects filled in the questionnaires within 30 minutes. RESULTS： A total of 130 questionnaires were sent out, and 122 valid ones were collected with an effective ratio of 93.8%, including 116 males and 6 females; 60 people younger than 35 years and 62 subjects older than 35 years with an average age of （35±6） years. ① The scores of SCL-90 in prison policemen were higher than normal adults （Somatization： 1.55±0.64,1.37±0.48,P 〈 0.001 ;Compulsion：1.83±0.66,1.62±0.58,P 〈 0.001 ;Interpersonal sensitivity： 1.68 ±0.61,1,65±0.61, P 〉 0.05; Depression： 1.67±0.70,1.50±0.59, P 〈 0.05 ;Anxiety： 1.51 ±0.63,1.39 ±0.43, P 〈 0.001 ; Hostility： 1.72±0.78,1.46±0.55,P 〈 0.001 ;Phobia：1.39±0.59,1.23±0.41 ,P 〈 0.001 ;Paranoid：1.71 ±0.65,1.43±0.57,P 〈 0.001 ; Schizophrenia： 1.48±0.53,1.29±0.42, P 〈 0.001 ;Additional items： 1.55±0.57,1.43±0.41, P 〈 0.05）, while their level of mental health was lower than normal adults. ② Mental disorders （score of single item greater than 3 points） was found in 18% of the subjects. ③ There was no significant difference in each item of SCL-90 among prison policemen of different genders （P 〉 0.05）. ④ There were remarkable difference in somatization, interpersonal sensitivity, anxienty and hostility between policemen younger than 35 years and those older than 35 years （Somatization： 1.42±0.50,1.50±0.55, P 〈 0.05; Interpersonal sensitivity： 1.69±0.62,1.59±0.64, P 〈 0.05 ;Anxiety： 1.52±0.53,1.45±0.48, P 〈 0.05; Hostility： 1.61± 0.60,1.47±0.52, P 〈 0.001 ）. CONCLUSION： Prison policemen are relatively lower in mental health, which should be paid more attention to, and effective measurements should be performed according to the practical condition.