综合医院心理科求助初中生行为问题与父母教养方式和家庭环境的相关分析

The correlation analysis of the behavioral problem of visiting junior high school students in general hospital with parental rearing styles and family environment

目的探讨综合医院就诊的有心理行为问题的初中生与父母教养方式和家庭环境的相关因素,指导系统的家庭心理治疗。方法运用父母养育方式问卷（EMBU）、Achenbach儿童行为量表（CBCL）、家庭环境量表（FES-CV）对因各种心理行为问题由父母陪诊的初中生共397人进行调查,并对结果进行相关分析。结果父亲教养方式中情感的温暖、理解与问题因子中抑郁、强迫性、体诉、多动、攻击行为、违纪行为呈显著负相关（r=-0.121,-0.166,-0.154,-0.198,-0.123,-0.244,P〈0.05）,母亲教养方式中情感的温暖、理解与行为问题因子中分裂样、强迫性、多动、违纪行为呈显著负相关（r=-0.145,-0.148,-0.187,-0.198,P〈0.05）,父亲教养方式中拒绝、否认与分裂样、强迫性、社交退缩、多动、攻击行为、违纪行为呈显著正相关（r=0.127,0.134,0.211,0.202,0.190,P〈0.05）,母亲教养方式中拒绝、否认与抑郁、社交问题、强迫性、多动、攻击行为、违纪行为呈显著正相关（r=0.192,0.125,0.188,0.186,0.208,0.169,P〈0.05）,家庭环境中亲密度与分裂样、抑郁问题、社交退缩、强迫性、体诉行为、社交行为、攻击呈显著负相关,家庭环境中矛盾性与分裂样、抑郁问题、社交退缩、强迫性、体诉行为、多动、攻击呈显著正相关。结论初中生行为问题与父母教养方式和家庭环境显著相关,在心理咨询和治疗中改善家庭环境,指导父母对子女多加关注、爱护、理解、信任和鼓励,加强亲子之间的交流,避免采用惩罚、严厉,过分干涉,拒绝、否认等养育方式。

Objective To explore the correlation of behavioral problem of visiting junior high school students in general hospital with the parental rearing methods and family environment for guiding systemic family psychotherapy. Methods Egna Minnenav Barndoms Uppfostran （ EMBU ）, Child Behavior Checklist （ CBCL）, Family Environment Statistics（FES-CV） were investigated in 397 high students who were companied by parent for various kinds mental problems. Results Depression, compulsory, body-telling, hyperactivity, aggressive behavior, violated discipline behavior, which have significantly negative correlation to affective warm, comprehension of fathers＇ rearing styles（ r = - 0. 121 ; - 0. 166 ; - 0. 154 ; - 0. 198 ; - 0. 123 ; - 0. 244, P 〈 0.05 ）, and affective warm, comprehension of mothers＇ rearing styles have significantly negative correlation to disruptive, compulsory, hyperactivity,violated discipline behavior（ r = -0. 145 ; -0. 148 ; -0. 187 ; -0. 198, P〈0.05）. Rejection,deny of fathers＇ rearing styles have significantly positive correlation to disruptive, compulsory, social intercourse flinches, hyperactivity, aggressive behavior, violated discipline behavior （ r = 0.127 ;0.134 ;0.211 ; 0. 202 ;0.190 ; P 〈 0.05 ） while rejection, deny of mothers＇ rearing styles have significant positive correlation to depression, social intercourse problem, compulsory, hyperactivity, aggressive behavior, violated discipline behavior （ r = 0. 192; 0. 125 ;0. 188 ;0.186;0. 208 ; 0. 169; P 〈 0.05 ） . The intimacy of family environment have significant negative correlation to disruptive, depression, social intercourse flinches, compulsory, contradiction of family environment have significant positive correlation to disruptive, depression, social intercourse flinches, compulsory, body-telling, hyperactivity, aggressive behavior. Conclusion There are significant correlation in behavioral problem of junior high school students with parental rearing styles and family environment. Family environment must be improved in psychological counseling and treatment, to guide parents take more attention, good care, comprehension, trust, encourage on children, to strengthen communication between children and parents and avoiding adopting the rearing styles such as punishment, severity, over interference, rejection, deny.