强筋小麦产量和蛋白质含量的稳定性及其调控研究

Study on Stability and Regulation of Grain Yield and Protein Content in Strong Gluten Wheat

【目的】研究氮肥对不同强筋小麦产量和蛋白质含量的调控效应,以及小麦蛋白质的稳定性。【方法】利用7个强筋小麦品种,按统一方案分别在6个省进行试验,成熟时按小区收获,测定籽粒产量和籽粒蛋白质含量。【结果】在0～300kg·ha-1施氮范围内,不同品种在各试验点均表现随施氮量增加产量逐渐提高,处理间达到显著差异水平,但每公顷施用300kg氮素仅比施用225kg的处理增产1.6%。随着施氮水平的提高,不同施氮处理在各试验点之间产量的变异系数逐渐降低,表明施氮和产量水平的提高可以缩小不同地区产量的差异。8901-1和豫麦34对氮肥较敏感,增施氮肥的增产效果明显;济麦20和皖麦38稳产性较好。各试验点间的小麦籽粒蛋白质含量变异系数的变化与产量变化趋势相同,表明适当施氮可以有效降低不同试验点间的品质差异。不同试验点间各品种蛋白质含量变异系数为2.04%～7.03%,变异系数较小的品种,蛋白质含量稳定性好,变异系数大的,其品质的栽培可塑性较强。不同施氮量处理间各品种的变异系数为5.43%～7.33%。有些供试品种在施氮150kg·ha-1以下时,蛋白质含量不能达到强筋标准,如烟农19、济麦20和皖麦38。在施氮量超过225kg·ha-1时,其籽粒蛋白质含量均达到国家强筋小麦标准。【结论】在实际生产中,从产量和品质两方面考虑,强筋小麦施氮水平应控制在225～300kg·ha-1。试验中各种影响蛋白质含量变异的因素的效应表现为:栽培措施>基因型>生态环境(试验点)。

[ Objective ] The experiment was conducted to study the stability and regulation effects of N-fertilizer on grain yield and protein content. [Method] Seven wheat varieties with strong gluten were cultivated in six provinces in China in the present study, and the grain yield and the grain protein content was measured in maturation period. [Result] Within the range of 0-300 kg·ha^-1 N fertilizer level, the grain yield of different varieties increased with the amount of N-fertilizer added in different experimental farms, it showed statistically significant differences in different treatments. The yield of the applied N at 300 kg.ha1 increased 1.6% than that of 225 kg·ha^-1. The CV of yield of different treatments had a trend of decrease with the amount of N-fertilizer added in different experimental farms, and N-fertilizer could lessen the differences in quality in different areas. 8901-1and yumai 34 were more sensitive to N-fertilizer, their grain yield increased obviously as added N-fertilizer, and however, jimai 20 and wanmai 38 were relatively stable. The CV of protein content showed the same trend with grain yield. It indicated that properly applied nitrogen could decrease the differences of protein content in different experimental areas. It is 2.04%-7.03% that the CV of protein content of the varieties in different experimental sites. The more small CV the more stable protein content, the more bigger CV the better cultivate plasticity. The protein content of all varieties was sensitive to N-fertilize added, it is 5.43%-7.33% that the CV of protein content of the varieties in different nitrogen treatments. Under 150 kg·ha^-1 fertilizer level, the protein content of some varieties couldn＇t reach the national standard of strong gluten wheat, such as yannong 19, jimai 20 and wanmai 38, but beyond the level of 225 kg·ha^-1, all of the varieties could. [Conclusion] Considering of yield and quality, the N-fertilizer level of strong gluten wheat should be 225-300 kg·ha^-1 in practice. The factors that influenced the grain protein content in sequence was the cultivation measure 〉 genotype 〉 environment.