秦简《日书》五行观念研究

On the five-element theory in the Qin bamboo slips manuscript of Rishu

本文通过对秦简《日书》中众多规则和方法的研究,指出在战国时期,不仅已经有了五行相生和五行相克的完整表述,有了五行与四时、五行与四方(五方)、五行与天干地支以及五行与河图十数等的配属,而且五行寄生十二宫和三合理论亦已完成并普遍应用;此外,还出现了阴阳穷绝、阴阳击冲、五行无气等观念;关于五行旺相休囚死的重要观念也已产生。据此,本文认为,五行作为一种哲学观念,在战国时期已经基本完备,基本成熟了;战国是我国五行观念发展最为重要的一个时期,即成熟时期。在此之后,五行观念主要是在应用方面加以发展。

By studying the rules and methods in the Qin bamboo slips manuscript of the Rishu （Book for the Choice of Auspicious Days）, this paper points out that in the Warring States period, not only had the integrated accounts on the theory of the mutual supplementing and destroying between the five elements came into being, but also the correspondences of the five elements to the four seasons, four （or five） positions, the heaven- ly stems and earthly branches, as well as to the ten number of ＂~he He tu （the River Diagram） ,and so on had been completed. Moreover, that the theory for the waxing and waning of the five elements in the twelve palaces and that of San he （i. e. , three of the twelve earthly branches integrate into one of the five elements） had been completed and extensively actualized. Additionally, the concepts of waxing and waning, oppositeness be- tween Yin and Yang as well as the depletion of the five elements also appeared. And the important idea of the five elements＇s waxing and waning in a year can also be found in it. Based on the evidence mentioned above, this paper concludes that the Five-element theory as a philosophical notion had been completed and become mature in the Warring States period. Thereafter, the Five-element theory was mainly developed in its actualization.