中国乡村治理中“国家—社会”的研究路径——新时期国家介入乡村治理的必要性分析

The study Path of Stat—Society on Rural Governance in China——Analvsis on need of State Intervention on Rural Governance in New Times

中国乡村治理的发展经历了一个很长的历史时期。在治理模式和路径不断变化的情况下,关于乡村治理的研究也在不断变化,从人民公社的全能型模式到目前真正的"乡政村治"模式,从对"民主"的探求到目前"乡村治理"模式的完善。在这个变化中,我们可以看到一个"国退民进"的过程。但是,国家与乡村社会在这个过程中的地位是交替的,从实际治理情况看,"国退"并不理想,国家与社会的交锋是不可回避的。而且,新时期学术研究的关注重心也有所转移,新的治理问题出现,研究路径也在变化。

The development of rural governance in China has experienced a long time.With the change of govemance pattern and method,the academic research on rural governance also has changed from the pattem of the People's Community to recent town government and rural governance pattem,from exploring of democracy to perfecting of rural governance pattem.During this changing,we can see a process that the government exits the countryside and the civil enter the countryside.However,this is an exchanging process between the government and the countryside actually.What's more,we find that the situation of government exiting iS not rational in the actual govemance,the conflict between state and society is unavoidable.The crucial subject of fieademic research has changed recently,new governance problem has appeaxed,and research method has been changing.