中国中产阶层问题研究综述

Review of the Studies of Chinese Middle Class

学术界对中国中产阶层进行了细致的研究,研究重心是中产阶层的构成、中产阶层的功能、扩大中产阶层的途径。学者们多主张以收入水平、生活质量、社会地位、职业特征等多元指标来界定中产阶层,认为中产阶层具有维系社会稳定、促进消费和引导社会价值观等社会功能。扩大中产阶层的政策是一个由财政、分配、教育、保障、产业等政策构成的有机体系,其途径主要是提高城市化水平、缩小收入差距、保障教育公平。目前关于中产阶层的研究,存在着明显的不足,许多问题需要我们作进一步的研究。

The scholars made a meticulous research of the Chinese middle class, emphasizing on the constitution, function of it and the way to enlarge it. The scholars maintain that the income, life quality, social status, occupation characteristics should be used to define the middle class and that the middle class can play an important role in keeping social stability, promoting consumption and directing social value. The social policy to enlarge the middle class is an organic system composed of financial policy, distribution policy, educational policy, security policy, industry policy. And the measures to enlarge the middle class are to enhance urbanization, narrow the income gap and guarantee fair education. There are two defects in current studies of the Chinese middle class： there is no fixed definition of the middle class; the internal constitution of the middle class is complicated and it is necessary to make a classification of it in study.