爆炸去磁脉冲功率发生器的实验和理论计算

Experiments and theoretical calculation of explosive-driven shock wave ferromagnetic generators

设计了两种结构的爆炸去磁脉冲功率发生器:炸药透镜平面波冲击加载圆柱形磁体和中心装药冲击加载圆环形磁体,磁体材料都采用Nd2Fe14B永磁体。进行了爆炸冲击加载实验,测量了爆炸去磁脉冲发生器的输出电流、电压以及Nd2Fe14B永磁体中的冲击波速度。通过对爆炸去磁脉冲功率发生器基本原理的分析,建立了感生电动势的理论计算方法。用Maxwell 3D电磁场分析软件,对Nd2Fe14B永磁体进行了静磁场分析,给出了Nd2Fe14B永磁体的磁场强度分布规律。实验结果表明:爆炸去磁脉冲功率发生器每匝线圈能够产生约67 V的感生电动势,对于0.56μH的电感负载能够输出脉宽78.3μs、峰值1 212 A的脉冲电流。

Two types of ferromagnetic generators were designed. For one type, a cylinder Nd2 Fe14 B rare-earth permanent magnet was used as working body, and a plane shock wave forms the detonation of the explosives moved in the cylinder along the direction of its axis. For the other type, a ring Nd2 Fe14 B magnet was charged with high energy explosive in the center hole, and the explosives were initiated with two ends at the same time. The initial magnetic flux distribution of the Nd2 Fe14 B magnet was simulated by the Maxwell 3D code of the electromagnetic analysis software. The calculating method of the electromotive force from the ferromagnetic generators was given. The detonation tests of generators were carried out. The output current and voltage of generators were measured. The shock wave velocity in Nd2Fe14B magnet was measured. The results show that the ferromagnetic generators designed are capable of producing a high current pulse of up to 1 212 A, with the width of 78.3μs, and the electromotive force obtained is about 67 V/turn.