美洲鲥肌肉营养成分分析与评价

Evaluation of Nutrityve Quality and Nutritional Components in Alosa sapidissima Muscle

采用常规的生化分析方法对美洲鲥的肌肉营养组成分进行了测定。结果表时,美洲鲥肌肉鲜样中粗蛋白含量为18.88±0.41%,粗脂肪含量为6.80±0.27%,水份70.23±0.37%,灰份1.96±0.30%;肌肉含有17种氨基酸,总量占鲜样的15.27%,其中7种人体必需氨基酸(除色氨酸外)含量占鲜样的6.27%,与非必需氨基酸的比值(EAA/NEAA)为69.67%,其必需氨基酸构成比例基本符合FAO/WHO的标准;根据AAS,美洲鲥的第一限制性氨基酸为苏氨酸,第二限制性氨基酸为蛋+胱氨酸;而根据CS,第一限制性氨基酸为蛋+胱氨酸,第二限制性氨基酸为苏氨酸:必需氨基酸指数(EAAL)为56.11,支链氨基酸与芳香族氨基酸的比值(F值)为2.43,4种鲜味氨基酸占鲜样的5.76%:不饱和脂肪酸质量分数为66.1%,高于其他经济鱼类:微量元素含量丰富,有较高的钙镁含量,铜,铁,锌的比值较为合理。美洲鲥是一种营养价值和经济价值都较高的鱼类。

The common biochemical analytical method was used to determine the flesh nutritional composition of Alosa sapidissima. The results showed that the contents of crude protein, crude fat, moisture and ash of fresh muscles were 18.88 ±0.41% , 6.80 ±0.27% , 70.23 ±0.37% and 1.96 ±0.30% respectively. The muscle of A. sapidissima contained 17 common amino acids constituting 15.27% of the total fresh wet muscle, and 7 of them are human essential amino acids （6.27 % in fresh wet muscle with the exception of tryptophane）. The ratio of essential amino acids to unessential amino acids （ EAA/UEAA） was 69.67% , which basically accorded with the issued standard value by FAO （Food and Agriculture Organization） of the United Nations and WHO （ World Health Organization）. According to AAS, the first limited amino acid is Ser, and the second ones are met and Cys, while the CS standard was the opposite conclusions. Further more, the essential amino acid index （EAAI） was calculated and resulted in 56.11. The ratio of branched chain amino acid to aromatic amino acid was 2.43in fresh wet muscle. The percentage of 4 taste amino acids （ Glu, Asp, Gly, Ala） was 5.76% in fresh wet muscle. The ∑ UFA in fresh wet muscle was 66.1% higher than other economic fishes. Mineral elements were rich in this species especially calcium and magnesium, and the proportion of cuprum, iron and zinc is fire and feasible. In conclusion, A. sapidissima is a valuable species with high nutritional and economic quality .