土壤水分对小麦产量和品质的影响

EFFECTS OF SOIL WATER ON YIELD AND GRAIN QUALITY OF WHEAT

本文综述了土壤水分对小麦产量和品质的影响。土壤水分既影响小麦产量,也影响其籽粒品质;土壤水分缺少能够影响器官发育,使叶面积减小,叶绿素含量降低,群体叶片光合性能下降。土壤水分缺少还使开花后的光合产物减少,造成灌浆物质不足,原贮存在营养器官中的物质向籽粒的运转速度加快,贮存物质在粒重中的比例提高,在一定程度上弥补了粒重和产量的降低。同时,土壤水分也影响小麦品质,主要表现在蛋白质和淀粉上。

Soil water stress influences both the yield and quality of wheat. The influence of water stress on the growth of wheat plant leads to smaller leaf area, lower chlorophyll content and poorer photosynthetic performances of community. The study of photosynthetic performances mostly focuses on community and flag leaf. Soil water stress also reduced photosynthetic production after flowering and lead to insufficient grain filling matters, so that the assimilates reserved in vegetative organs before flowering were translocated to grains quickly, and the proportion of mobilized assimilates from vegetative organs in grains increased, which may compensate the decrease of grain weight and grain yield to a certain extent; Soil water stress also influenced wheat grain quality, which mostly show on protein and starch contents.