吐魯番新出《前秦建元二十年籍》研究

Studies in Household Register of Gaochang Prefecture in A.D. 384 newly-discovered in Turfan

本文集中探讨2006年吐鲁番洋海赵货墓发现的《前秦建元二十年（384）三月高昌郡高宁县都乡安邑里籍》。这是敦煌吐鲁番文书中现在所知最早的户籍，也是目前所见纸本书写的最早的户籍。笔者对该户籍的书写年代、地点、内容、格式等方面进行了分析。该户籍保存造籍的年份，有具体的郡县乡里名称，登录了五户人家的家口以及户内土地、奴婢的买卖情况。《前秦建元二十年（384）三月高昌郡高宁县都乡安邑里籍》的发现对中国中古时期的户籍制度的研究具有重要的意义。

This paper focuses on the Household Register of Gaochang Prefecture, Gaoning District, Duxiang Sub-District, Anyi Village, dated the third month of the 20th year of Jianyuan (384 A.D), of the Qianqin Dynasty, which was newly excavated from Zhaohuo's tomb in the Yanghai Graveyard, Turfan, in 2006. It is the earliest household register that we know in Dunhuang and Turfan documents, and also the earliest one written on paper that we have seen so far. The author analyzes its date, place, contents, and format. The household register contains the year of its compiling and the concrete names of prefecture, district, sub-district and village. It also registers the members of five households, and records the information about buying and selling the land and slaves. The finding of the household register is of great significance to the study of the household register system of medieval period of Chinese history.