红壤侵蚀区几种水土保持林水文效应研究

Hydrological Effects of Soil and Water Conservation Forest in Red-soil Erosion Region

水土保持林对天然降雨起着截流、吸收的作用。系统研究了试验区内马尾松林、湿地松林、板栗林以及马尾松+板栗混交林的冠层、枯落物层及土壤层的水文效应。结果发现,不同林分在这3个方面均表现出差异。(1)林冠层截留量针叶林大于阔叶林,针阔混交林居中,其顺序为:湿地松林>马尾松林>针阔混交林>板栗林。(2)林下枯落物层有效拦蓄量和土壤蓄水功能阔叶林大于针叶林,针阔混交林居中,其顺序为:板栗林>针阔混交林>马尾松林>湿地松林。通过3个层次水文效应研究,揭示出营造和经营管理水土保持林时,应促使3个水文层次功能的同时优化,尽量营造针阔混交林,增加植被层次结构的复杂性,既要发挥针叶林林冠层截留效应,又要发挥阔叶林枯落物层和土壤层的涵养水源功能。

Rainfall can be intercepted and assimilated by soil and water conservation forest. Based on the analyses of hydrological effects of canopy, litter fall, and soil for different stands such as Masson pine, Pinus elliotii, Chinese chestnut, and Masson pine ＆ Chinese chestnut mixed forest, the study showed that in terms of the interception amount of forest canopies, stands ranked in the descendaht order of Pinus elliotii, Masson pine, needle-board leaf mixed forest, and Chinese chestnut. Stands, in terms of the effective interception amount and water holding of soil for litter, ranked in the descendant order of Chinese chestnut, needle-board leaf mixed forest, Masson pine, and Pinus elliotii. When planting and managing soil and water conservation forest, the three layer hydrologic function should be optimized simultaneously and a prior consideration should be given to the needle-board leaf mixed forest. The forest had a complicated vegetation structure and was propitious to exert interception effect of needle leaf forest and headwater conservation function of litter and soil of board leaf forest.