淮河闸坝对河流生态影响评价研究--以蚌埠闸为例

Impact Assessment of Dams & Flood Gates Projects of Huaihe River on River Ecosystem:A Case Study of the Bengbu Site

论文以历史时期淮河干流水生态调查与2006年全流域重点闸坝水生态调查资料为依据,通过分析水生态指标与同期水质指标之间的关系,建立淮河水文-水质-生态耦合模型,提出了一种水利闸坝工程对水生态影响的评价方法。利用该模型分析了淮河中下游重点闸——蚌埠闸对其下游水生态系统的影响,结果表明:①蚌埠闸对下游水生态系统中浮游植物影响最大,浮游动物次之,对底栖动物的影响最小;②与历史时期水生态状况对比发现,蚌埠闸下游的水生态质量比历史时期有所降低;水利工程闸坝修建后对其下游水生态系统有一定的不利影响;③通过加强闸坝的调度,增加下泄水量,满足生态需水,可以缓解对下游水生态系统的不利影响。

This paper addresses a method applied to the impact assessment of dams ＆ flood gates projects in Huaihe River on river ecosystem. Major contents include ： 1 ） the river ecosystem survey in 2006 and related historical investigation; 2） building coupled models of river hydrological process with water quality and ecosystem indicators system; and 3 ） development of assessment method applied to impact assessment of dams ＆ flood gates projects in Huaihe River on river ecosystem, where the relationship between ecosystem indicators and water quality indicators could be recognized. The case study of the Bengbu site was given as an explanation of this method. The resuits indicate that dams and flood gates projects have significant impact on river ecosystem. For Bengbu case, the biggest impact is on phytoplanktons of the aquatic ecosystem, then on zooplanktons and zoobenthos. By comparison with historical ecosystem situation, the ecosystem quality of downstream of Bengbu site has a decline due to dams and gates construction. By the way, it also shows that river system could be improved by strengthening operation of river ecosystem and increasing ecological flow.