深圳龙岗区职业性噪声与听力损失的流行病学研究

Epidemiological Study of the Occupational Noise and Hearing Loss in Longgang District of Shenzhen

目的对调查深圳市龙岗区噪声企业工人听力损失的评价指标进行探讨。方法采用横断面流行病学调查方法,对深圳市龙岗区6家企业的稳态噪声作业环境进行调查,对386名接触噪声人员进行职业卫生学调查和听力测定,听力测定参照《职业性听力损伤诊断标准》(GBZ49-2002),并计算累积噪声暴露量(CNE)。结果386名噪声作业人员高频听力损伤发生率为74.09%,语频听力损伤发生率为50.52%;随CNE增加,听力损伤发生率有增高趋势(P<0.05);Logistic回归分析表明,高频、语频听损发生率与CNE呈显著相关,而与工龄的相关性不明显。结论在特区经济模式下CNE作为听力健康的评价指标比工龄史敏感。

[ Objective] To explore the evaluation standards for hearing impairment in Longgang District of Shenzhen. [ Methods] A cross - sectional study was performed to assess the steady noise condition in six enterprises and conduct occupational hygienic in- vestigation and audiometry on 386 noise - exposed workers; the audiometry was conducted according to the Professional Diagnosis Standard for Hearing Impairment （ GBZ49 -2002） ; the cumulative noise exposure （CNE） was also calculated. [ Results] The rate of high frequency and low frequency hearing loss were 74.09% and 50.52% respectively; the rate of hearing loss had an increasing tendency with the increase of CNE { P 〈 0.05 } ; the analysis of Logistic regression indicated that high frequency and low frequency hearing loss had positive correlations with CNE but no correlations with the length of service. [ Conclusion] CNE served as hearing health standard is proved to be more sensitive than the length of service under the mode of special zone economy.