旱灾灾情监测中的遥感应用综述

Overview of Remote Sensing Approaches to Drought Monitoring

旱灾是我国影响范围最广的农业自然灾害。遥感是对干旱进行大面积、实时动态监测的有效技术手段。对遥感技术在干旱旱情监测中的传统方法进行了概括和汇总,应用较多的干旱旱情遥感监测方法主要有热惯量法、蒸散法、植被指数法,其中植被指数法又分为距平植被指数、条件植被指数、植被指数差异、植被供水指数、温度植被干旱指数等方法。分析了不同方法的优缺点以及它们各自的适用范围,结合当前研究的热点问题,指出随着干旱机理和MODIS数据的应用,干旱旱情的遥感监测将得到更广泛、更深入的应用。

Drought occurs frequently in most regions of China and seriously impacts the agriculture. Remote sensing is the efficient method which can dynamic monitor drought at a great range of scale. This paper reviewed the current remote sensing approaches in drought monitoring and describes several methods for effective drought monitoring of large land areas, including thermal inertia, evapotranspiration and the vegetation index; Furthermore, the vegetation index includes anomaly vegetation index, vegetation condition index, vegetation index difference, vegetation supplication water index and temperature vegetation dryness index and so on. Dominances and limitations of these methods are discussed. As the application of drought mechanism combining with MODIS data,drought will be monitored in a wider scale in the future.