我国初次分配中的两极分化及成因

Dynamics of Factor Payment:Evidence from China

本文基于我国1978—2002年间居民在初次分配中的要素所得,采用核密度函数估计各省区的收入分布,加总得到全国的收入分布,进而考察我国初次分配中的收入分布演进。主要发现是,我国收入分布不断向右平移,逐渐呈现双峰分布,这直观地刻画了我国要素收入快速增长以及在初次分配中就呈现两极分化的现状;两极分化主要是由劳动贡献这个分配标准在产业间的差异造成的,要素贡献的其他差异对我国收入分布的扭曲程度为2%—15%。这些发现意味着,缓解、消除两极分化在于校正、消除经济体现有的一些扭曲及其对收入分配标准的影响,健全现行收入分配制度的运行环境。

Based on a new data set about individual factor payments, we estimate the national income distribution by integrating individual factor income distribution for 28 provinces between 1978 and 2002. The characteristic and mechanism of the dynamics of the national factor income distribution are documented. The whole national income distributions shift to the right over time, but gradually move toward the bimodal distribution, which visualize the picture of the polarization of income. We also find the bimodal distribution can attribute to the across-sector difference in marginal product of labor, and that other kinds of difference in marginal product also distort the national income distribution substantially, the magnitude ranged from 2% to 15%. Our findings are robust, and may shed highlights on the direction of the ongoing income system reform in China.