扫描磁场中玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚体系的奇异自旋隧穿

Irregular spin tunneling for Bose-Einstein condensatesin a sweeping magnetic field

用平均场的方法,研究了线性扫描磁场中自旋-1玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚体系的自旋隧穿.集中考虑87Rb这种典型的碱金属原子凝聚体,根据外磁场扫描率的不同,研究了它的隧穿动力学.在慢扫描(即绝热条件)和快扫描条件下,体系无隧穿现象.对中等大小的扫描率,发现隧穿现象,且这个隧穿动力学对磁场扫描率非常的敏感,表现为看似混沌的隧穿区的存在.然而,把这个看似混沌的区域放大,发现在扫描率精度为10-8T/s的量级上,隧穿率对磁场扫描率的关系实际是有规律的类周期结构.此外,还发现,实验上代表磁化率的一个守恒量会影响自旋隧穿.对这些发现,从理论上给出了合理的解释.

With a mean-field treatment, the spin tunneling of spin-1 Bose-Einstein condensates in a linearly sweeping magnetic field is investigated. We focus on a typical alkali Bose atoms ^87Rb condensate and study its tunneling dynamics under different sweeping rates of external magnetic field. In the adiabatic （ i. e., slowly sweeping） and sudden （ i. e., fast sweeping） limits, no tunneling is observed. In the case of moderate sweeping rates, the tunneling dynamics is found to be very sensitive to the sweeping rate, showing a chaotic-like tunneling regime. By magnifying the apparently chaotic regime, however, we find interestingly that the plot becomes resolvable at a resolution of 10^-8T/s where the tunneling probability with respect to the sweeping rate shows a regular pseudo-periodic pattern. Moreover, a conserved quantity standing for the magnetization in experiments is found which can dramatically affect the above picture of the spin tunneling. Theoretically, we give a reasonable interpretation to the above findings.