生态位因子分析在大熊猫(Ailuropoda melanoleuca)生境评价中的应用

The application of Ecological-Niche factor analysis in giant pandas(Ailuropoda melanoleuca) habitat assessment

生态位因子分析是研究物种地理分布的一种多变量分析方法,其最大优点是模型计算只需物种"出现点"的数据,而不需要"非出现点"数据,在生境评价与生境预测中得到广泛应用。将该方法应用于大熊猫生境适宜性评价中,利用大熊猫活动痕迹点和遥感数据分析了平武县大熊猫生境分布现状,综合评价了该县自然保护区的分布状况和存在的保护空缺。研究结果表明,大熊猫偏好在中高海拔(>2128 m)的针叶林和针阔混交林中活动,而避免在落叶阔叶林和灌丛林中活动,避免在有人为干扰的地区活动,农田是对大熊猫活动影响强度最大的人为干扰因子。平武县大熊猫生境主要分布在该县西部和北部地区,总面积为234033 hm2,其中适宜生境为106345 hm2,次适宜生境为127688 hm2。目前该县已建的3个大熊猫自然保护区使47.2%的大熊猫生境得到保护(包括49.2%的适宜生境和45.6%的次适宜生境),尽管如此,保护区之间连接性差,存在严重的保护空缺。该县北部的白马乡、木座乡是大熊猫的主要分布区,却没有得到保护区的有效保护,建议在该地区新建自然保护区。

Ecological-Niche Factor Analysis（ENFA） is a multivariate approach to study species geographic distribution on a large scale with only presence data. It was widely applied in many fields including wildlife management, habitat assessment and habitat prediction. In this paper, this approach was applied in habitat suitability assessment for giant pandas in Pingwu county, Sichuan province, China. With giant pandas this county was evaluated based on ENFA model, and presence data and remote sensing data, panda habitat suitability in spatial distribution pattern of nature reserves and conservation gaps were then evaluated. The results show that giant pandas in this county prefer the high elevation zones（ 〉 2128m）dominated by coniferous forest, mixed coniferous and hroadleaf forest, and avoid deciduous broadleaf forest and shrubs. Pandas avoid staying at habitats with human disturbances. Farmland is a major factor threatening panda habitat. Panda habitat is mainly distributed in northand west of Pingwu with atotal area of 234033 ha（ 106345 hafor suitable and 127688 ha for marginally suitable）. Three nature reserves located in Pingwu, cover 49.2% of total suitable habitat and 45.6% of total marginally suitable habitat. Although 47.2% of pandas＇ habitat was under protection in reserves, the connectivity between reserves is weak and a conservation gap existed in the north part of Pingwu. Thus, a new nature reserve in Baima and Mupi should be established to link the isolated habitats.