国际核扩散难题：根源与出路

International Nuclear Proliferation: Dilemma and Outlet

当前,国际防止核扩散形势虽然出现了一些积极现象,但总的来讲仍然处于紧张和令人不安的状态,全球核不扩散机制受到多方面的严峻挑战。文章从六个方面分析了国际核扩散屡禁不止的根源。作者从长期的、战略的视角出发,提出国际防扩散机制的建设只能适当兼顾公正性原则,重点应放在人类安全与和平利用核能两项基础原则上面,大国协调基础上的国际治理是唯一可行的现实战略选择。作者建议以两个联合国决议的方式建立一个基于人类安全与和平利用核能的防扩散机制:第一个决议旨在建立防止核扩散的道义基础,并消除无核国家的安全担忧;第二个决议旨在通过建立三个国际"核燃料库"的设计,解决各国对核能源的正当需求。

Despite some positive signs the situation of international nuclear proliferation remains strained and disquieting as before. The global nuclear non-proliferation regime is confronted with serious challenges from many aspects. The author first analyzes the roots and causes of continual exacerbating of international nuclear proliferation from six aspects. Then he points out that the justice principle only can be applied appropriately in the construction of international non-proliferation regime, while the two fundamental principles, namely, both humankind’s security and peaceful use of nuclear energy, should be seriously concerned, and the international governance based on coordination among big powers is the only viable strategic choice. Finally, the author suggests that the international society build a rational non-proliferation regime based on two United Nations resolutions adopted by UN General Assembly: one aims at buidling up the moral basis for the prevention of nuclear proliferation and eliminating the security anxiety of non-nuclear countries, while the other one aims to satisfy the rightful needs of relevant countries for nuclear energy by setting up three international 'nuclear fuel bunkers'.