大蒜花序轴离体培养器官发生途径的解剖学研究

Anatomy of Organogenesis from Garlic (Allium sativum L.) Rachis in vitro Culture

以大蒜品种‘三月黄’(Allium sativum L.cv. Sanyuehuang)花序轴为外植体进行离体培养,对其器官发生过程进行了形态学和解剖学观察。结果显示:大蒜花序轴离体培养不经过愈伤组织,通过器官直接发生途径形成不定芽,其不定芽起源于大蒜花序轴维管组织韧皮部一侧周围的皮层薄壁细胞,属于外起源;皮层薄壁细胞经脱分化后,由最先形成的拟分生组织发育为茎尖分生组织,然后环绕其形成叶原基,茎尖和叶共同构成一个完整的不定芽;大蒜花序轴离体培养发生的不定芽与花苞中自然形成的营养芽发生部位一致。不定芽通过壮苗、生根培养可正常生根形成植株,如果继代培养周期超过21 d,鳞茎形成率可达90.56%。

The morphology and anatomy of shoot organogenesis and plant regeneration from rachis of garlic （Allium sativum L. cv. Sanyuehuang） cultured in vitro was studied. The results showed.the buds that regenerated from rachis of garlic cultured in vitro were adventitious buds which were from direct organogenesis way,belong to externally originate. The adventitious buds came of the cortex parenchyma cells which around the side of phloem in bundle tissues. After dedifferentiation,the cortex parenchyma cells differentiated into some meristemoid and became shoot apical meristem,then formed leaf primordia. The adventitious buds and the vegetative buds that naturally formed generated in the same part. After rooted,adventitious buds can be effective plants,but 90.56% of which would formatted bulb if subculture period over 21 d.