太阳同步回归轨道的长期演变与控制

Long-term Evolution and Control for Sunsynchronous and Recursive Orbit

近地轨道的遥感卫星绝大部分都采用太阳同步回归轨道。这类轨道由于受到大气阻力的影响,半长轴将不断地衰变并导致地面轨迹的东漂,为保持回归特性需周期性地对半长轴进行调整。另一类长期变化是太阳引力引起的倾角变化,这是太阳同步轨道特有的。倾角长期的变化又进一步导致回归轨道的标称半长轴和降交点地方时的相应变化。文章给出了这些变化的解析模型以及轨道控制的策略。

Most near earth remote sensing satellites adopt sunsynchronous and recursive orbits. The semi-major axes of the orbits are subject to decay and their ground tracks consequently will drift to the east because of the inference of atmospheric drag. Another longterm variation is the change of orbit inclination caused by solar gravity which is peculiar result of synchronism. Longterm inclination variation will induce the relevant changes both of the nominal semi-major axes and local time of descending node, The analytical models of the evolution and the strategy for orbit control are given in this paper.