无线传感器网络分区能耗均衡的非均匀分簇算法

Cell Energy Balanced Uneven Clustering Hierarchy Scheme for Wireless Sensor Networks

针对在无线传感器网络中分簇算法采用多跳通信方式时,靠近汇聚节点的簇头节点由于转发大量数据而导致自身能量消耗过快且节点易失效,从而造成网络分割,形成“热区”的问题,提出了一种新颖的基于分区能耗均衡的多跳非均匀分簇算法（CEB-UC）.其核心思想是：将传感器网络合理分区,使得在靠近汇聚节点分区内的簇数量较多,各簇内传感器节点数较少;在远离汇聚节点分区内的簇数量较少,各簇内的传感器节点数较多,从而保证承担数据中继转发任务的簇头节点能减少自身的簇内通信开销,节约的能量可供簇间数据转发使用;任意分区的簇头节点在选择下一跳中继节点时可综合考虑候选节点的位置及剩余能量.实验以HEED、LEACH、PEGASIS、EAR-ACM等协议为参照,结果表明,当节点使用不同的数据融合策略时,CEB-UC算法能有效平衡网络节点能耗,延长网络部署半径,降低17%～41%的簇头节点能耗,提高24%～53%的网络寿命.

Employing clustering techniques in routing protocols can improve the scalability of wireless sensor networks. To solve the ＂hotspot＂ problem that is caused by the cluster heads close to the sink, which are burdened with heavy relay traffic via multi-hop communication and tend to die earlier and that leads to the network being partitioned, a novel cell energy balanced uneven clustering hierarchy scheme （CEB-UC） is presented. In CEB-UC, the entire network has been divided into some cells reasonably such that the number of clusters in each cell is different, and that the number of nodes in each cluster is different. The clusters closer to the sink node have fewer nodes than those farther away from the sink node. Thus these cluster heads can preserve some energy for inter-cluster data relaying. Compared with some classical clustering protocols, such as HEED, LEACH, PEGASIS, EAR-ACM, simulation results show that CEB-UC outperforms significantly in optimizing the cluster heads＇ energy consumption, balancing the nodes＇ energy consumption and enlarging the diameter of the entire network. When different data aggregation strategies are employed by the sensor nodes, the cluster heads＇ energy consumption is reduced by 17%-41%, and the network lifetime is prolonged by 24%-53%.