女排队员扣球落地姿势致使膝、踝关节运动创伤流行病学研究

A Research on Epidemic Knee and Ankle Joint Injuries due to the Landing Posture of Spikes by Women Volleyball Players

为了探究67名各层次女排队员错误的扣球落地姿势致使膝、踝关节运动创伤的原因及预防对策。采用文献、观察、访谈、问卷调查、比较分析等方法。最后得出:扣球技术不正确是造成异侧脚落地,引起膝、踝关节损伤的重要原因;创伤患病率膝较踝关节高;但少年队员则相反;主攻患者较付攻多,二传则少。双脚同时落地、从事过田径等运动、半路改行者损伤少;年龄小,训练年限短者发病率低。建议:规范扣球落地动作;科学安排好运动负荷;处理好比赛、训练、专项素质和全面身体素质训练的关系;重视准备与整理活动;加强医务监督和预防伤病教育。

The purpose of this research is to explore the reasons of knee and ankle joint injuries by studying 67 women volleyball players＇ incorrect landing posture after spikes at different levels and the methods to prevent them. The methods of study is by means of literature review,observations, interviews,questionnaires and comparative analysis. The conclusions drawn are that the improper technique of spikes is an important reason that results in single-foot landing and injuries of knee and ankle joint; there are more knee injuries than ankle injuries, but the cases with young players are the opposite; the chief spikers have a higher rate of injuries than the second spikers while the setters are even less likely to have them. Players who land on both feet,or have been trained in track and field before,have a lower rate of knee and ankle injuries~ and players who are younger and have a short experience of training have low rate of injuries. It is suggested that regulation of the correct methods of spike landing,scientific arrangement of training load, a good control of the relationship between competition, training,special and overall quality training,an emphasis on exercise preparation and warming-ups and enforcement on medical supervision and prevention of injuries are all effective measures for the problem.