水稻幼穗胚轴愈伤组织培养力的比较观察

COMPARISON OF CULTURAL CAPACITY BETWEEN YOUNGSPIKELETSAND EMBRYONICAXES DERIVED CALLI OF RICE (Oryza sativa)

以水稻湘早籼１３号（品种间杂交）和超丰早１号（水稻与高粱远缘杂交）两个品种（品系）的幼穗和胚轴为外植体，进行水稻愈伤组织培养力的比较研究．结果表明，不同基因型与不同外植体来源的愈伤组织的诱导率，继代培养过程中的生长状态和绿苗分化率均有差异．两种基因型相比，超丰早１号愈伤组织诱导频率较高，生长状态要好，表现在胚性愈伤组织百分率高，分化率也较高．而愈伤组织坏死频率低，更易建立良好的体细胞无性系．不同外植体相比，幼穗的愈伤组织诱导率、增殖及分化率均比胚轴的高，说明幼穗正处于营养生长阶段向生殖生长阶段转化，其培养力较高．

The young spikelets and embryonic axes of two rice cultivars Xiang Zao Xian 13 and Chao Feng Zao 1 were used as the explants to study the cultural capacity of the calli. The results showed that the genotypes and explants affected the calli induction,growth in subculturing and differentiation. As the explants,the young spikelets were better in calli induction,proliferation and differentiation than the embryonic axes,indicating the young spikelets at the stage of transition from the vegetative to reproductive growth phase of rice plants had a high cultural capacity. As for the genotypes,Chao Feng Zao 1 was superior to Xiang Zao Xian 13 because the former could induce the embryonic calli at a high frequency and these calli were easily differentiated so that good somatic clonal lines could be established.