青岛市居民超重与肥胖状况及影响因素分析

Analysis on situation and risk factors of overweight and obesity of residents in Qingdao city

目的了解青岛市城乡成人超重、肥胖状况以及相关影响因素。方法采用多层整群随机抽样的方法,在青岛市6个区（市南、市北、四方、即墨、黄岛、胶南）对6000名35岁-常住居民进行面对面的问卷调查和体格检查。结果青岛市居民超重率42.61%,肥胖率为25.06%,城市超重率41.96%,肥胖率23.45%,男性高于女性。农村超重率43.49%,肥胖率26.61%,性别差异无统计学意义。各年龄组间超重率、肥胖率比较,经χ2检验,差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;超重率、肥胖率均随年龄的增加而升高,65岁之后均有所下降,经相关分析,差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。农村在45岁-、55岁-肥胖率均高于城区,经χ2检验,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,城市居民的教育程度、吸烟对超重与肥胖有保护作用,收入水平是危险因素,体力活动仅是超重的保护因素。农村的超重影响因素与城市相同,吸烟与体力活动是肥胖的保护因素。结论青岛市城乡超重率、肥胖率均高于2002年调查结果。体力活动是城乡超重和肥胖保护因素。

Objective To describe the current status of adult overweight and obesity in urban and suburb areas of Qingdao and analyse relative risk factors. Methods Residents above thirty - five were investigated and analyzed by multi - stage cluster random sampling in six districts（Shinan,Shibei,Sifang,Jimo,Huangdao and Jiaonan） of Qingdao. Results The total overweight rate was 42.61% and the obesity was 25.06%. In urban the overweight rate was 41.96% and the obesity was 23.45 % and the man＇s was higher than the woman＇s. The overweight rate was 43.49 % and the obesity was 26.61% in rural areas. There was no difference between man and woman. The prevalent rates of overweight and obesity in aU age groups showed significant differences. The rates increased with the age growth but decreased after sixty five. The obesity rates of forty five-and fifty five-groups were obviotisly higher in suburb than in urban. The resutlts of Logistic regression analysis showed that education background and smoking played a protective roles for the development of overweight and obesity in urban, while income displayed inverse correlation and physical activity affected overweight only. Smoking and physical activity had a positive correlation to obesity while in rural areas the influencing factor of overweight was the same as that in urban. Conclusion The rates of adult overweight and obesity in Qingdao are higher than those in the description on the Chinese national nutrition and health survey in 2002. Physical activity is an important influencing factor. To increase physical activity would do good to prevent and control overweight and obesity.