劳动力迁移对中国农村家庭养老分工的影响

Sons and Daughters:Effects of Out-migration on Division of Intergenerational Support in Rural China

利用西安交通大学人口与发展研究所2001-2003年"安徽省老年人生活福利状况跟踪调查数据",采用随机效应的Logistic模型,研究劳动力迁移对农村家庭养老性别分工的影响。发现,子女外出并未从根本上改变农村传统家庭养老的性别分工模式,但是子女代际支持的性别差异正在缩小,女儿在家庭养老中的作用提高。外出女儿对老年父母增加经济支持的可能性更大,使子女对父母经济支持的性别分工差异缩小;外出儿子对老年父母增加生活照料的可能性更小,促使子女生活照料的性别分工差异缩小;而外出使女儿对老年父母增加情感支持的可能性更大,儿子和女儿在代际情感交流方面的差异进一步扩大。

Using data from the baseline and follow-up surveys of ＂Welfare of Elderly in Anhui Province, China＂ conducted in 2001 and in 2003 respectively by the Institute for Population and Development Studies of Xi＇an Jiaotong University, this paper employs the logistic model to examine the gender differences in the effect of out-migration on division of intergenerational support in rural China. The results show that, the division of family support in rural China has not changed thoroughly under the out-migration of adult children. However, the gender differences on intergenerational supports between sons and daughters are reduced. While migrant daughters have greater probability of increasing financial support to their elderly parents, which narrows the gap between sons and daughters ; migrant sons have less probability of increasing instrumental support to their elderly parents, which also narrows the gender difference of instrumental support. And as migrant daughter are more likely to increase the emotional support to their parents, the gap between sons and daughters on intergenerational emotional support is further widened.