玉溪市蔬菜中主要农药的污染现状研究

Current Pollution Situation of the Main Pesticides used for Vegetables in Yuxi City

[目的]摸清污染现状,为玉溪市蔬菜质量安全控制提供参考。[方法]在2002～2005年间用农药残留快速检测法———酶抑制法,对玉溪市21个主要蔬菜集贸市场的蔬菜共22949个样品进行农药残留检测。[结果]抽检样品中平均残留超标率为6.45%,且超标率呈逐年上升趋势;叶菜类、花菜类蔬菜超标率严重,而茎菜类、地下块根（茎）类超标率低;每年1～2月超标率低,4～5月高;农药残留问题较大的是通海县、红塔区、元江县,问题较小的是新平和峨山县;主产区农药残留居高不下且逐年恶化,而无公害示范区的农药残留控制得最好。[结论]控制玉溪市蔬菜农药残留的相应建议：应加强蔬菜农药残留的检测,加强病虫监测与防治技术指导;加大无公害蔬菜和有机蔬菜生产技术的推广力度,促进无公害蔬菜生产基地的建立。

[Objective] The current pollution situation was studied to provide reference to safety control of vegetable quality control in Yuxi City.[Method] Between 2002 and 2005,22 949 samples of vegetables in 21 main vegetable markets of Yuxi City were tested by the rapid detection of pesticide residues——Suppress Enzymes.[Result] There were 6.45% sampling vegetables whose pesticide residues exceeded the criterion.And this rate increased year by year.This rate in leafy and flowery vegetables was quite high,but it was low in stem and underground tuber vegetables.This rate in tested vegetables sampled from January to February annually was low;however,it was high from April to May.Obviously,it had a positive correlation with climate and pests.The problem of pesticides residues was serious in Tonghai,Hongta,Yuanjiang,but better（lighter） in Xinping and Ershan.The pesticide residues in large production areas was serious and deteriorate year by year,but it was controlled well in the pesticide-free demonstration areas.[Conclusion] The advice was given for controlling the pesticide residues on vegetables of Yuxi city： to strengthen the vegetables pesticide residue examination,to enhance disease-carrying insect monitor and preventing and controlling technical guidance,to enlarge promoted dynamics of the non-environmental damage vegetables and organic vegetables production technology,to promote the establishment of the non-environmental damage vegetables production base.