广州港:从石门到虎门——历史时期广州港口地理变化及其对城市空间拓展的影响

The Geographical Change of Guangzhou Port in the Past Two Thousand Years and Its Effect on the Formation of the City

广州是我国古代海上丝绸之路最重要的始发港之一。由于自然与人为的原因,2 000多年来广州的水陆环境不断发生变化,历代港口码头的位置也随之发生变化。从石门之南的兰湖古码头到今天虎门之南的南沙港码头,港口位置经历了一个大体由北而南、从西向东的迁移扩展过程,这一过程同时也对城市的空间拓展产生引导作用,对城市形态发展产生重要影响。

Guangzhou was one of the most important starting ports of the Maritime Silk Road in ancient China. Navigatable rivers of the Pearl system from north, west, and east converge at Guangzhou and then join the sea. Situated at the confluence of the rivers and sea, Guangzhou has long served as a river-sea port combining inland and sea navigations. The development of the port stimulates the prosperity of the city, and vice versa. Because of the natural and artificial reasons, the distribution of lands and waters in Guangzhou city has been changed much in the past two thousand years. Affected by that the wharves of the port moved from north to south and from west to east： The Orchid Lake Wharves in the Qin-Han Dynasties, Poshan Wharves in the Jin-Southern Dynasties, Beacon Tower Wharves in the Sui-Tang Dynasties, the West Bay, East Bay and West Lake Wharves in the Song-Yuan Dynasties, Xianzibu Wharves in the Ming Dynasty, Shisanhang Wharves in the Qing Dynasty, and Huangpu, Xinsha and Nansha Wharves today. To a great extent, the geographical change of the port has led the expansion of the city.