中国地下工程安全风险管理的现状、问题及相关建议

STATE,ISSUES AND RELEVANT RECOMMENDATIONS FOR SECURITY RISK MANAGEMENT OF CHINA′S UNDERGROUND ENGINEERING

地下工程建设具有投资大、施工周期长、施工项目多、施工技术复杂、不可预见风险因素多和对社会环境影响大等特点,是一项高风险建设工程。建立风险管理制度,对拟建和在建的城市地铁工程项目进行风险评估,继而进行风险控制十分必要,并应扩大到整个地下工程建设领域。主要论述地下工程安全风险管理的现状和地下工程安全风险管理实践中的问题,这些问题包括:(1)缺乏规范的安全风险管理体系;(2)工程安全风险管理责任主体不够合理,安全风险管理经费不到位;(3)工程安全风险管理专业队伍不够规范,专业水平参差不齐;(4)风险管理相关技术规范、标准不符合目前地下工程发展现状;(5)缺乏合适的信息化安全风险管理平台。针对我国安全风险管理实践中的问题,提出4条建议:(1)加强针对地下工程安全风险管理的法规建设工作;(2)推行安全风险管理计划,将安全风险管理作为地下工程建设管理的一个必要组成部分;(3)安全风险管理要有基于信息化技术的风险管理和预警决策支持系统;(4)加强地下工程安全风险管理、重大事故预测预报以及防治技术的研究。

Underground project is a high-risk and complex project with vast construction investment, long-term construction, numerous subprojects, complexity of construction technology, and unpredictability of risk factors and social characteristics of the environmental impact. The establishment of a risk management system, detailed risk assessment for construction of metro project, and risk control, are necessary and should be extended to the overall underground construction areas. This paper mainly describes the present status and issues existing in risk management for safety operation in underground projects, which include： （1） the lack of standardized security risk management system; （2） unreasonable safety risk management, and insufficient funding for security risk management; （3） inadequate or nonprofessional teams or uneven-developed professional level; （4） risk management-related technical specifications, standards are not consistent with the current development of underground works; and （5） the lack of appropriate security risk management information platform. Related to issues existing in risk management in China, four suggestions are proposed as follows： （1） to strengthen codification of risk management for safety in underground oroiects： （2） to oromote risk management as an indispensable part of project management; （3） to set up an aid system for warning decision making based on informationization technique; and （4） to strengthen study on major accident prediction and prevention technique for risk management.