棕榈油的催化转化研究

STUDY ON CATALYTIC CONVERSION OF PALM OIL

动植物油几乎不含硫、氮和重金属,利用其作为可再生清洁能源的研究已引起广泛重视。在提升管催化裂化实验装置上进行了棕榈油催化转化的研究。结果表明,与胜华催化原料相比,棕榈油的转化率较高,且基本不随反应条件(反应温度、停留时间、催化剂与原料油质量比)的变化而变化;液化气、丙烯、丁烯和乙烯收率均较高,且随着反应温度的升高和停留时间的延长而增加;汽油收率较高、柴油收率较低;产物分布受催化剂与原料油质量比的影响较小。棕榈油催化转化反应的丙烯收率较高,超过19%;产物汽油中芳烃质量分数可达46.88%。棕榈油本身不含芳烃,汽油中的芳烃由催化转化反应生成。在催化转化过程中,棕榈油中约76%的氧转化成H2O、CO、CO2。

Recently, increasing attention has been focused on vegetable oils and animal fats as renewable resources of fuels and chemicals due to their negligible sulfur, nitrogen and heavy metal contents. Hence, catalytic conversion of palm oil was carried out in experimental catalytic cracking unit. Compared with Shenghua catalytic stocks, the catalytic conversion reaction of palm oil gave exceptionally high conversion, which was invariable with the change of reaction conditions （temperature, residence time, and mass ratio of catalyst to oil）. At the same time, the yields of liquefied petroleum gas （LPG）, propylene, butylenes and ethylene produced by the catalytic conversion of palm oil were higher and increased continuously with the increase of reaction temperature and residence time, and the higher gasoline yield and the lower diesel oil yield were reached. The mass ratio of catalyst to oil had little influence on product distribution. As a whole, catalytic conversion reaction of palm oil could lead to high propylene yield of more than 19%, and more aromatics mass fraction of about 46.88% in gasoline. Aromatics were not existed in palm oil, and the aromatics in gasoline were formed by the catalytic conversion reaction of palm oil. The oxygen element accounting for about 76% of total oxygen in palm oil was removed in the form of H2O, CO and CO2 during the catalytic conversion.