汶川地震灾后心理干预的特点及思考

Psychological intervention for victims of Wenchuan earthquake:from a rational perspective

根据汶川地震灾后心理干预的主要特点,结合以往我国地震灾后群体心理及心理干预的实证研究,提出了对汶川地震灾后心理干预的思考:(1)灾区现场的心理干预活动不同于在心理咨询室进行的咨询;(2)灾区现场的心理干预有特定要求,并非所有的心理干预者都适合在灾区现场进行心理干预工作;(3)灾区心理干预工作者应以团队形式开展工作;(4)应做好对灾区心理干预工作者的援助;(5)心理援助工作者应避免预设立场后开展工作;(6)心理学专业工作者要引导整个社会科学地对待受灾群众,防止其被"爱心"所伤;(7)应加强对地震灾后心理干预工作的研究。

This paper is to analyze the characteristics of psychological intervention after China Wenchuan earthquake based on the previous studies of the former earthquakes in China, and to provide evidence for future psychological intervention under similar conditions. Psychological intervention was immediately provided to the victims of Wenchuan earthquake, the rescuers and journalists in the field. Compared with the former earthquakes in China, Wenchuan earthquake proposed new challenges to psychological professionals： not all the counselors or educators were suitable to provide psychological support in the earthquake field; the intervention to earthquake victims was totally different from that to those receiving traditional counseling; and longterm psychological intervention should be planned. The psychologists should be selected carefully and well-trained before working in a field condition; psychologists should be organized as a team when they work in the field so that they can get support from other team members; psychologists could not presume that ＂everyone who experienced the earthquake would have psychological disorders or posttraumatic stress disorder＂; psychologists should serve as a guider to other people as how to correctly treat the victims, especially the wounded, the children and the orphaned; finally, psychologists should incorporate research work in their psychological intervention process.