福寿螺不同生长发育阶段的抗菌活性物质及化学成分分析

The Antimicrobial Activities and Their Chemical Components of Lipid Substances in Different Developmental Stages of Pomacea canaliculata

福寿螺(Pomacea canaliculata)不同生长发育阶段(螺苗、仔螺、中螺、成螺)的软体匀浆物用乙酸乙酯进行提取。提取物分别用硅胶柱进行柱层析,并分别用不同极性的有机溶剂进行洗脱,分离出不同极性组分:非极性组分(石油醚洗脱组分)、弱极性组分(苯洗脱组分)、强极性组分(乙醇洗脱组分)。然后用11种细菌对不同极性组分进行抗菌活性检测。结果表明,不同生长发育阶段组分抗菌作用的共同点是:强极性组分的抗菌活性最强,弱极性组分次之,非极性组分无抑菌作用。将不同生长发育阶段抗菌活性最强的乙醇洗脱组分分别进行薄层层析(TLC)分析并进行抗菌实验。薄层层析所用的展层剂不同,分离出条带数不同,各条带抗菌活性也存在差异。将抗菌活性最强的条带用气相色谱-质谱法进行化学成分鉴定,结果表明,各不同生长发育阶段抗菌物质的化学成分大部分是酸类物质,相同的化学成分在不同生长发育阶段的含量及相似度都不一样。

Lipid substance from Pomacea canaliculata at different developmental stages was extracted using ethyl acetate.The extracted substance was purified with silica gel column chromatography and thin-layer chromatography （ TLC）. The antimicrobial activities of the separated compounds derived from effluent fractions of three different organic solvents （petroleum ether, benzene and ethanol） were tested against 11 bacteria. They have varying levels of antimicrobial activities, with the non-polar solvent showing strongest activity. The liposoluble compounds extracted by exhibited variable antimicrobial activities. GC-MS analysis the least activity and the strong polar solvent showing the TLC from all of the bands of the ethanol effluent fraction revealed that the most of the chemical components are the acid substances in the strongest of these antimicrobial fractions from different developmental stages. The same chemical component had different content and different similitude at different developmental stages of P. canaliculata.