法律史上人格制度的演化

On the Development of Personality System in Legal History

不同的时代有关于人格的不同的立法政策,在法制史上,人格制度经历了身份化、理性化以及普遍化三个不同的发展阶段。在人格的身份化时期,法律以等级制"身份"为依据,将一部分人宣布为法律上的"非人";在人格的理性化时期,强调人格的理性内核,同样将妇女、奴仆等排除在人格的拥有者之外。只有在人格的普遍化时期,法律上才承认每个人都是拥有平等人格的法律主体,由此在人格制度上完成了法律由野蛮、专横到文明、人道的演化。

There are different legislation policies about personality in different times. In legal history, the personality system experiences the different development stage of identity, rationality and universalization. At the stage of identity of personality, based on the rating system of the identity, the law declares some kind of people as non- person. At the stage of rationality of personality, the law emphasizes the rational nature of personality, and also excludes women and slaves who indeed possess the personality. Only at the stage of the universalization of personality, the law finally admits each human being is the legal person who possesses the equal personality. As a result, the personality system leads to the evolution of law from the barbarism and arbitrariness to civilization and humanism.