2005年大连地区学生常见病调查

Investigation on Common Diseases among Students in Dalian in 2005

[目的]为了解大连地区学生体质健康现况，制定学校体育卫生工作规划、科学开展学校体育卫生工作提供依据。[方法]2005年在大连地区按分层整群随机抽取城、乡，中、小学各2所6～18岁学生进行检测。[结果]调查2534人，视力低下率为62．9％。女生为67．6％，男生为58．3％（P〈0．01）；城市为69．4％，乡村为56．6％（P〈0．01）；随着年龄的增高视力低下率逐渐升高。恒牙龋患率为14．0％，龋均为0．5。龋患率和龋均女生分别是男生的1．4倍、1．5倍。龋患率和龋均随着年龄的增长而逐渐升高。乡村学生寄生虫感染只有1．56％。贫血患病率为21．1％。乡村为24．4％，城市为17．8％（P〈0．01）。男生为18．4％，女生为23．8％（P〈0．05）。[结论]大连地区学生视力低下率、贫血患病率较高，且呈上升趋势。寄生虫感染率、龋齿患病率呈下降趋势，今后应加强学生视力保护及贫血预防工作。

[Objective]To understand the constitutional and health status among students in Dalian, provide scientific basis for making plan on sports hygiene and its implementation. [Methods]Surveillance was conducted for students aged 6- 18 years old from 2 primary and middle schools in urban district and rural area with stratified Chester random sampling method in Dalian in 2005. [Results]Among 2 534 students investigated,62.9% of them were low vision, girl students accounted for 67.6%, boy students accounted for 58.3% （P〈0.01）. The students from urban district accounted for 69. 4% ,while the students from rural areas accounted for 56.6% （ P〈0. 01）. The rate of low vision increased along with the age increasing. The prevalence of caries of permanent teeth was 14.0%. DMFT was 0.5. The prevalenee of caries and DMFT in girl students was 1.4 and 1.5 times respectively than that in boy students. It increased along with the increase of the age. Parasite infection accounted for 1.56% among students from rural areas. The prevalence of anemia was 21.1%, the students from rural areas accounted for 24.4% while the students from urban district accounted for 17.8% （ P〈0.01）. Boy students accounted for 18.4% ,girl students accounted for 23.8% （ P〈0.05）. [Conclusion]The prevalence of low vision and anemia in Dalian was higher and it was going up. The prevalence of parasite infection and caries was going down. Education on eye protection and anemia prevention for students must be strengthened.