赤红壤蔗地土壤酸缓冲性能与调控研究(英文)

Acidic buffering ability and regulation in latosolic red soil of sugarcane fields

采用酸滴定土壤酸度的方法研究广西蔗地土壤对酸的缓冲性能,结果表明,广西赤红壤蔗地土壤酸缓冲能力不强且对酸敏感,其土壤酸化转折点在加入模拟酸雨pH值3.0-3.5之间。酸雨会造成蔗地土壤严重酸化,而年施用75t/hm2酒精废液对蔗地土壤酸化影响较小。影响土壤酸缓冲性能因素主要为有机质、物理性粘粒、盐基总量和交换钙。据此可采取增施有机肥,施用碱性物质如石灰或碱性肥料如钙镁磷肥,以及增加土壤覆盖如蔗叶还田,或采取等高种植等措施,增加土壤有机质和交换性阳离子含量,减少土壤粘粒及阳离子流失,降低土壤酸度,从而提高蔗地土壤酸缓冲能力,改善蔗地土壤生态环境。

To study the acidic buffering ability in the latosolic soil of sugarcane producing regions of Guangxi, a method for soil acidity determination by titration with 0.1 mol/L sulphuric acid was used. The results showed that the soil acid buffering ability of sugarcane fields in Guangxi were weak and sensitive to acid, the turning point of the soil acidification in sugarcane fields was pH 3.0- 3.5 for added acid rain. Acid rain falling into the soil could acidify it, and the effect of using 75 t/hm^2 vinasse on the soil acidification in the soil of sugarcane soils was much less. The factors affecting the soil acid buffering ability were mainly organic matter, physical clay, total salt and exchangeable Ca. Based on the results of the present study, three basic measures are put forward to increase the soil acid buffering ability and improve soil fertility： applying organic fertilizer and alkaline matter such as lime or alkaline fertilizer such as fused calcium-magnesium phosphate, covering soil with sugarcane leaves or grass, and planting along contour line, etc., which could increase the contents of soil organic matter and exchangeable cations, decrease the loss of soil clay and cations,and the soil acidity, increase the soil acid buffering ability, and improve the soil ecological environment.